The Union Budget 2026 arrives at a delicate economic moment. Global growth remains uneven, geopolitical risks persist, and domestic aspirations for faster development coexist with
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An Expenditure Pattern That Speaks Louder Than Announcements
Budgets often celebrate absolute increases—“the highest-ever allocation” to this or that sector. But what truly reveals a government’s priorities is not how much spending rises
Caste as an Institution — Part 2
From lock-in to first install: how India built a social operating system Abstract In Part 1, I argued that caste is not “eternal culture” so
India isn’t one economy. It’s four—and 492 seats decide which one wins.
India loves national stories: one GDP number, one growth rate, one “India is rising” headline. But electorally—and economically—that’s a convenient fiction. Because 17 states with
Bengal’s battlefield choice: how identity politics repeatedly dominates the electoral issues
West Bengal’s elections increasingly look less like a straight contest of manifestos and more like a contest over what the election is about. Whoever decides
A Strong Economy, a Weakening Rupee: India’s Growth Story Meets Its Dollar Reality
India’s rupee isn’t falling because the economy is “failing.” In fact, the headline growth story has been robust—GDP grew 8.2% year-on-year in the July–September 2025
Indian Political Debate 